English (United Kingdom)
  • Polski (PL)
Logo przedstawiające popiersie Mikołaja Kopernika Logo przedstawiające popiersie Mikołaja Kopernika
  • Start
  • Biography
    • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
      • Outline biography
      • Timeline
    • Childhood and background (1473–1491)
      • Royal Prussia: the homeland of Copernicus
      • Toruń – the hometown of Copernicus
      • The family
      • Controversies – the wandering home of the Copernicus family
    • Copernicus in Kraków (1491–1495)
      • Studies at Kraków University
      • Copernicus and Copernicana in Kraków
    • Copernicus in Italy (1496–1503)
      • Copernicus as a student in Bologna
      • Copernicus in Rome
      • Copernicus as a medical student in Padua
      • Copernicus in Ferrara
    • Copernicus in Warmia (1503–1543)
      • Warmia at the time of Copernicus
      • Copernicus in Lidzbark Warmiński
      • The cathedral chapter in Frombork
      • Copernicus at the chapter of Warmia
      • In Olsztyn
      • Controversies: private life
      • Last years spent in Frombork
      • Copernicus’ own library
  • Discovery
    • Astronomy
      • Astronomy as an object of interest of Copernicus
      • Development of astronomy from the ancient times to the 15th century
      • Cosmological views from the times before Copernicus
      • Astronomy in the days of Copernicus
      • Copernicus’ astronomical devices
      • The genesis of the discovery – the heliocentric theory
      • Publication of „De revolutionibus”
      • The nature of Copernicus’ discoveries
    • Economics
      • Copernicus and his interest in economics
      • Major economic theories from ancient times to the Renaissance
      • Money and economics at the time of Copernicus
      • Treatise On the Minting of Coin and Copernicus’ views on economics
    • Medicine
      • The development of medicine from ancient times until the 15th century
      • Medicine at the time of Copernicus
      • Copernicus’ medical education and practice
    • Literature
      • Copernicus’ interest in Greek literature
      • Translation of Simoccatta's Letters
      • Copernicus as Latin writer
    • Cartography
      • An outline history of cartography until the 16th century
      • Maps of Polish and Prussian lands – Copernicus as a cartographer
  • Revolution
    • Reception of Copernicus’ theory and the importance of the discovery
      • A general introduction
      • Reception of the discovery in Europe – the views of the Church and of other scholars on the heliocentric theory
      • Post Copernican cosmological concepts
        • Tycho Brahe’s model
        • Kepler’s model
        • The model of a stationary state
        • The Big Bang model
        • The concept of many worlds
        • Contemporary cosmological reflections
      • The importance of Copernicus’s discovery for the development of the sciences
      • The importance of Copernicus’s discovery for the development of the humanities
    • The development of astronomy since Copernicus to the present
      • Astronomy before the invention of the telescope
      • The telescope and celestial mechanics
      • The nineteenth century and the birth of astrophysics
      • Twentieth century astronomy and cosmology
      • The history of astronomy in Poland until 1945
  • Ressources
    • Archives
      • About the collection
      • „De revolutionibus”
        • Manuscript „De revolutionibus”
        • History of the Original Manuscript
        • History of the Editions
        • First Editions of „De revolutionibus”
      • Copernicus’ Letters
        • About the Copernicus’ Letters
        • Letters written by Copernicus
          • 1518 X 22 – to the Warmian Chapter
          • 1524 II 29 – to Mauritius Ferber
          • 1526 IV 19 – to Felix Reich
          • 1531 VII 27 – to Mauritius Ferber
          • 1533 IV 11 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1536 VI 8 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1537 VIII 9 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1538 IV 25 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1538 XII 2 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1539 I 11 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1539 III 3 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1539 III 11 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1541 VI 15 – to Duke Albrecht of Prussia
          • 1541 VI 21 – to Duke Albrecht of Prussia
          • 1541 VI 27 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1541 IX 28 – to John Dantiscus
      • Copernicus’ Minor Astronomical Writings
        • Commentariolus
        • Letter against Werner
        • Raptularius
        • Other tables and notes
      • Copernicus’ Administrative Documents
        • Leases of abandoned farmsteads
        • Copernicus’ Inventory of 1520
        • Transaction approval from 15 III 1518
      • Copernicus’ Writings about Money
        • Meditata (1517)
        • „Modus cudendi monetam” (1519–1522)
        • „Tractatus de monetis” (1519–1522)
        • „Monete cudende ratio” (ca. 1526)
      • Prescriptions
        • In Praise of the Imperial Pills
        • Minor prescriptions
      • Translation of Theophylactus Simocatta
    • Library
      • Part 1 – editions of Copernicus’ writings
        • Authentic writings of Copernicus
        • Writings of doubtful authorship
      • Part 2 – literature about Copernicus
        • General
          • Bibliographies
          • Information about manuscripts
          • Research on Copernicus
          • Researchers of Copernicus
          • Works on the publication of Copernicus’ writings
        • General studies
          • Monographs and studies
          • Collective works
          • Periodicals – special issues
        • Biography
          • Source materials. Letters and documents
          • Origin. Debate about nationality
          • Surname (etymology and spelling)
          • Youth. Studies in Cracow
          • Stay in Italy
          • Copernicus in Warmia
          • Contributions to the biography
          • Individuals associated with Copernicus
          • Historical and cultural background
          • Places associated with Copernicus
        • The work and activity of Copernicus
          • Copernicus and astronomy
            • General works
            • The origin of the heliocentric theory
            • About „De revolutionibus” and other works
            • Various astronomical issues
            • The reception of the Copernican theory
            • The Church and the Copernican system
            • Copernicus’ astronomical instruments and library
          • Copernicus and physics
          • Copernicus and mathematics
          • Copernicus and economics
          • Copernicus and philosophy
          • Copernicus as a doctor
          • Copernicus as a clergyman
          • Copernicus as a builder
          • Copernicus as a lawyer
          • Copernicus as a humanist
        • The significance of Copernicus
        • Copernicus in belles-lettres
          • Polish literature
            • Poetry
            • Stage works
          • German literature
        • Copernicus in art
          • Painting, portraits, graphics
          • Monuments
          • Medals and numismatics
          • Post stamps
        • Remembrance of Copernicus
          • Museums
          • Exhibitions
          • Symposia, conferences and sessions
          • Jubilees and other celebrations
          • Other forms of honoring the memory of Copernicus
        • Occasional writing
    • Gallery
      • Images of Copernicus
        • Painting and graphics
          • Toruń portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus I
          • Nicolaus Copernicus – general assembly of the local diet in Grudziądz on 21 March 1522
          • Bust of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus dying
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Image of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus Toruń 1473–1923
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus holding an armillary sphere
          • The death of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Image of Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus on his deathbed
          • Attributed portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Image of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Design for a wall decoration featuring a figure of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Miniature with a portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus from the casing of the Strasbourg cathedral astronomical clock
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
        • Monuments and sculptures
          • Statue of Copernicus in the Babelsbeg observatory
          • Statue of Copernicus in the Babelsbeg observatory
          • Statue of Copernicus in Warsaw
          • A design for the Toruń Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • A design for the base of the Toruń Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus placed over a well
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń
          • Warsaw Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus carved by Berthel Thorvaldsen
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus carved by Ludwig Kucharzewski
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Warsaw
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Head of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Head of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Head of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • A design for the statue to be put up in Toruń on the occassion of the 500th anniversary of Nicolaus Copernicus’ birth
          • A design for Copernicus’ statue to be put up in Kraków
          • The first idea for the reverse of Copernicus’ statue for Kraków
          • Głowa Mikołaja Kopernika
          • Peace to the World
          • Orant II
          • Discoverer
          • Miniature bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Statuette inspired by the Toruń Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus
        • Medallic art
          • Władysław Oleszczyński, Medal struck on the occasion of the unveiling of the Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Warsaw
          • Gotfryd Majnert, Medal struck on the occasion of the unveiling of the Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Warsaw
          • Friedrich Wilhelm Below, Medal commemorating the 400th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Giovanni Vagnetti, Medal commemorating the foundation of the Copernicus Museum in Rome
          • Jan Nalborczyk, Nicolaus Copernicus – medallion, obverse
          • Louis-Michel Petit, Medal in honour of Copernicus
          • F. Godel, Medal in honour of Copernicus
          • Wojciech Jarzębowski, Medal commemorating the 400th anniversary of the first publication of „De revolutionibus”
          • Franciszek Kalfas, Medal commemorating the 75th anniversary of the foundation of the Polish Academy of Learning in Kraków
          • Konstanty Laszczka, Medallion with a half-length portrait of Copernicus
          • Józef Gosławski, Medallion with a full-length portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Stefan R. Koźbielewski, Plaque made on the occasion of the 18th International Congress on the History of Medicine in Warsaw
          • Adam Myjak, Janusz Pastwa, Copernicus’ head – medal design
          • Anna Jarnuszkiewicz, Nicolaus Copernicus medal issued by the Polish Academy of Sciences
          • Edward Gorol, General Assembly of the Royal Prussian Diet held in Grudziądz on 21 March 1522 – medal
          • Józef Markiewicz-Nieszcz, Plaque commemorating the 500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Józef Stasiński, Nicolaus Copernicus – 500th Anniversary of His Birth – Opus 577 – medal
          • Stanisław Szukalski, Medal commemorating the 500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Bolesław Chromy, 500th Anniversary of Nicolaus Copernicus’ Birth 1973
          • Stanisława Wątróbska-Frindt, 25th Anniversary of the Reconstruction of Copernicus’ Instrumentarium in Jędrzejów – medal
          • Nicolaus Copernicus – medal
          • Nicolaus Copernicus – medal
          • Plague with a portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Medal issued to commemorate the opening of the Nicolaus Copernicus Museum Department of the History of Medicine in Frombork
        • Numismatics
          • Small commemorative brick worth 1000 marks
          • 100-zloty bronze coin
          • 5000-zloty banknote – design
          • 10-zloty coin
          • 1000-zloty bank note sample
          • 100-zloty coin sample – obverse
          • 100-zloty coin sample – reverse
          • 1000-zloty bank note
          • Collector’s coin value 5000-zloty – reverse
          • Commemorative coin from the Cook Islands
          • 20-zloty collector’s coin
          • Collector’s banknote
          • Silver coin
        • Philately
          • Stamps from the series „Copernicus and Konarski”
          • Postcard on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of Copernicus’ death
          • Decorative sheet of 10 stamps
          • Stamp no 365 from the series „Views of Kraków”
          • Block of the Polish Post Office on the occasion of commemorating the activities of the Commission of National Education
          • Postage stamp no 560 issued on the occasion of the 1st Congress of Polish Science
          • Abandoned design of a stamp commemorating the International Year of Copernicus
          • Sample of postage stamp no 667 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus – International Year of Copernicus”
          • 80-grosz postage stamp no 668 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus – International Year of Copernicus”
          • Postage stamp from the series „Polish-Soviet Friendship”
          • Postage stamp no 765 from the series „Monuments of Warsaw”
          • Postage stamp no 993 from the series „Great Men of Science”
          • Postage stamp no 1778 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 1779 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 1780 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 1867 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus. His Life and Work”
          • Postage stamp no 1868 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus. His Life and Work”
          • Postage stamp no 1869 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus. His Life and Work”
          • Postage stamp no 1940 from the series „Tourism – following the trail of Copernicus”
          • Postage stamp series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Stamp block bl45 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Nicolaus Copernicus postage stamp series with an image of Copernicus
          • Znaczek nr 2085 z serii „500. rocznica urodzin Mikołaja Kopernika”Postage stamp no 2085 from the series „500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2086 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2087 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2088 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2089 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Stickers for „On Copernicus’ trail” – horseback delivery
          • Postage stamp sheet designed on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Postage stamp no 2109 from the series „Exploring Outer Space”
          • Postage stamp sheet ark2109 from the series „Exploring Outer Space– Salyut, Copernicus”
          • Stamp block bl46a from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2126 from the series „Day of the Postage Stamp”
          • Postage stamp from the series „The Year of Nicolaus Copernicus”
          • Postage stamp „Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1973”
          • Commemorative postage stamp block „500 Aniv. Nacimiento de Nicolas Copernico”
          • Commemorative postage stamp block „Nicolau Copérnico”
          • Commemorative postage stamp block „Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1973”
          • 100-franc postage stamp „Nicolas Copernic”
          • Postage stamp from the „Great Astronomers” series with a portrait of Copernicus
          • Postage stamp block with a portrait of Copernicus
          • Postage stamp „Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1543”
          • Postage stamp series issued to commemorate the 500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth
          • Postage stamp from the series „Nicolas Copernic 1473–1973”
          • Postage stamp no 3224 from the series „World Exhibition EXPO‘92 in Seville”
          • Postage stamp no 3303 from the series „450th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Death”
          • Postage stamp no 3339 from the series „Europa CEPT (V)”
          • Postage stamp no 3865 from the series „Polish Cities”
        • Applied arts
          • Mug, 19th century
          • Cigarette case, 20th century
          • Ink pad
          • Diary featuring a portrait of Copernicus
          • Bookmark
          • Bookmark
          • Box
          • Matchbox
          • Matchbox
          • Multifunctional ruler
          • Porcelain mug
          • Mug
          • Mug, 20th century
          • Plate
          • Cup coaster
        • Souvenirs
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Miniature of the Karakow statue of Copernicus
          • Coffer featuring Copernicus’ head
          • Copernicus bas-relief
          • Plaque with Copernicus’ portrait
          • Commemorative badge
          • Commemorative badge
          • Figurine of Copernicus with an astrolabe
      • Cities of Copernicus
        • Toruń
          • Radio-telescope in the Institute of Astronomy of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Piwnice near Toruń
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Epitaph in memory of Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus House in Toruń
        • Kraków
          • View of 15th-century Kraków
          • Collegium Maius
          • Collegium Maius quadrangle
          • Copernicus’ Room
        • Lidzbark Warmiński
          • Castle in Lidzbark Warmiński
          • View of 17th-century Lidzbark
        • Olsztyn
          • Castle in Olsztyn
          • Castle in Olsztyn – administrator’s chamber
          • Copernicus’ astronomical table
        • Frombork
          • Cathedral hill in Frombork
          • Frombork statue of Copernicus
          • Copernicus Tower in Frombork
      • Under the name of „Copernicus”
        • Nature
          • Copernicus crater on the Moon
          • Copernicia
        • Science
          • Copernicus satellite
          • Copernicus optical CAT scanner
          • Copernicus mini calculator
          • 112 Copernicium
        • Transport
          • Copernicus’ aircraft nameplate
          • Railway locomotive „Copernicus”
        • Entertainment
          • Copernicus competition
          • Puzzle
        • Miscellany
          • Copernicus cigars
          • Mead
          • Mead „Nicolaus Copernicus”
          • Vodka
  • BlogNew

Copernicus in art

  • painting
  • portraits
  • graphic
  • monuments
  • medals
  • numismatic collection
  • postage stamps
  • arts
Painting, portraits, graphics
Monuments
Medals and numismatics
Postage stamps

Library

  • Part 1 – editions of Copernicus’ writings
    • Authentic writings of Copernicus
    • Writings of doubtful authorship
  • Part 2 – literature about Copernicus
    • General
      • Bibliographies
      • Information about manuscripts
      • Research on Copernicus
      • Researchers of Copernicus
      • Works on the publication of Copernicus’ writings
    • General studies
      • Monographs and studies
      • Collective works
      • Periodicals – special issues
    • Biography
      • Source materials. Letters and documents
      • Origin. Debate about nationality
      • Surname (etymology and spelling)
      • Youth. Studies in Cracow
      • Stay in Italy
      • Copernicus in Warmia
      • Contributions to the biography
      • Individuals associated with Copernicus
      • Historical and cultural background
      • Places associated with Copernicus
    • The work and activity of Copernicus
      • Copernicus and astronomy
        • General works
        • The origin of the heliocentric theory
        • About „De revolutionibus” and other works
        • Various astronomical issues
        • The reception of the Copernican theory
        • The Church and the Copernican system
        • Copernicus’ astronomical instruments and library
      • Copernicus and physics
      • Copernicus and mathematics
      • Copernicus and economics
      • Copernicus and philosophy
      • Copernicus as a doctor
      • Copernicus as a clergyman
      • Copernicus as a builder
      • Copernicus as a lawyer
      • Copernicus as a humanist
    • The significance of Copernicus
    • Copernicus in belles-lettres
      • Polish literature
        • Poetry
        • Stage works
      • German literature
    • Copernicus in art
      • Painting, portraits, graphics
      • Monuments
      • Medals and numismatics
      • Post stamps
    • Remembrance of Copernicus
      • Museums
      • Exhibitions
      • Symposia, conferences and sessions
      • Jubilees and other celebrations
      • Other forms of honoring the memory of Copernicus
    • Occasional writing

Contact

Nicolaus Copernicus University Library
Gagarina 13, Str. 87-100 Toruń,
POLAND

Nicolaus Copernicus University Library

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Partnership

CENTRE FOR COPERNICAN STUDIES

Urząd Miasta Torunia

Copernicus 550

World Copernican Congress

 

Blog

  • Invitation to the Krakow part of the World Copernican Congress 23 May 2023
  • Meeting of the Program Council of the Nicolaus Copernicus Thorunensis Portal 23 May 2023
  • Invitation to the 21st Toruń Science and Art Festival 18 April 2023
  • +48-56 611-43-88
  • copernicus@bu.umk.pl
© 2025 NICOLAUS COPERNICUS THORUNENSIS
Logo przedstawiające popiersie Mikołaja Kopernika Logo przedstawiające popiersie Mikołaja Kopernika
  • Start
  • Biography
    • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
      • Outline biography
      • Timeline
    • Childhood and background (1473–1491)
      • Royal Prussia: the homeland of Copernicus
      • Toruń – the hometown of Copernicus
      • The family
      • Controversies – the wandering home of the Copernicus family
    • Copernicus in Kraków (1491–1495)
      • Studies at Kraków University
      • Copernicus and Copernicana in Kraków
    • Copernicus in Italy (1496–1503)
      • Copernicus as a student in Bologna
      • Copernicus in Rome
      • Copernicus as a medical student in Padua
      • Copernicus in Ferrara
    • Copernicus in Warmia (1503–1543)
      • Warmia at the time of Copernicus
      • Copernicus in Lidzbark Warmiński
      • The cathedral chapter in Frombork
      • Copernicus at the chapter of Warmia
      • In Olsztyn
      • Controversies: private life
      • Last years spent in Frombork
      • Copernicus’ own library
  • Discovery
    • Astronomy
      • Astronomy as an object of interest of Copernicus
      • Development of astronomy from the ancient times to the 15th century
      • Cosmological views from the times before Copernicus
      • Astronomy in the days of Copernicus
      • Copernicus’ astronomical devices
      • The genesis of the discovery – the heliocentric theory
      • Publication of „De revolutionibus”
      • The nature of Copernicus’ discoveries
    • Economics
      • Copernicus and his interest in economics
      • Major economic theories from ancient times to the Renaissance
      • Money and economics at the time of Copernicus
      • Treatise On the Minting of Coin and Copernicus’ views on economics
    • Medicine
      • The development of medicine from ancient times until the 15th century
      • Medicine at the time of Copernicus
      • Copernicus’ medical education and practice
    • Literature
      • Copernicus’ interest in Greek literature
      • Translation of Simoccatta's Letters
      • Copernicus as Latin writer
    • Cartography
      • An outline history of cartography until the 16th century
      • Maps of Polish and Prussian lands – Copernicus as a cartographer
  • Revolution
    • Reception of Copernicus’ theory and the importance of the discovery
      • A general introduction
      • Reception of the discovery in Europe – the views of the Church and of other scholars on the heliocentric theory
      • Post Copernican cosmological concepts
        • Tycho Brahe’s model
        • Kepler’s model
        • The model of a stationary state
        • The Big Bang model
        • The concept of many worlds
        • Contemporary cosmological reflections
      • The importance of Copernicus’s discovery for the development of the sciences
      • The importance of Copernicus’s discovery for the development of the humanities
    • The development of astronomy since Copernicus to the present
      • Astronomy before the invention of the telescope
      • The telescope and celestial mechanics
      • The nineteenth century and the birth of astrophysics
      • Twentieth century astronomy and cosmology
      • The history of astronomy in Poland until 1945
  • Ressources
    • Archives
      • About the collection
      • „De revolutionibus”
        • Manuscript „De revolutionibus”
        • History of the Original Manuscript
        • History of the Editions
        • First Editions of „De revolutionibus”
      • Copernicus’ Letters
        • About the Copernicus’ Letters
        • Letters written by Copernicus
          • 1518 X 22 – to the Warmian Chapter
          • 1524 II 29 – to Mauritius Ferber
          • 1526 IV 19 – to Felix Reich
          • 1531 VII 27 – to Mauritius Ferber
          • 1533 IV 11 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1536 VI 8 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1537 VIII 9 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1538 IV 25 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1538 XII 2 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1539 I 11 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1539 III 3 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1539 III 11 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1541 VI 15 – to Duke Albrecht of Prussia
          • 1541 VI 21 – to Duke Albrecht of Prussia
          • 1541 VI 27 – to John Dantiscus
          • 1541 IX 28 – to John Dantiscus
      • Copernicus’ Minor Astronomical Writings
        • Commentariolus
        • Letter against Werner
        • Raptularius
        • Other tables and notes
      • Copernicus’ Administrative Documents
        • Leases of abandoned farmsteads
        • Copernicus’ Inventory of 1520
        • Transaction approval from 15 III 1518
      • Copernicus’ Writings about Money
        • Meditata (1517)
        • „Modus cudendi monetam” (1519–1522)
        • „Tractatus de monetis” (1519–1522)
        • „Monete cudende ratio” (ca. 1526)
      • Prescriptions
        • In Praise of the Imperial Pills
        • Minor prescriptions
      • Translation of Theophylactus Simocatta
    • Library
      • Part 1 – editions of Copernicus’ writings
        • Authentic writings of Copernicus
        • Writings of doubtful authorship
      • Part 2 – literature about Copernicus
        • General
          • Bibliographies
          • Information about manuscripts
          • Research on Copernicus
          • Researchers of Copernicus
          • Works on the publication of Copernicus’ writings
        • General studies
          • Monographs and studies
          • Collective works
          • Periodicals – special issues
        • Biography
          • Source materials. Letters and documents
          • Origin. Debate about nationality
          • Surname (etymology and spelling)
          • Youth. Studies in Cracow
          • Stay in Italy
          • Copernicus in Warmia
          • Contributions to the biography
          • Individuals associated with Copernicus
          • Historical and cultural background
          • Places associated with Copernicus
        • The work and activity of Copernicus
          • Copernicus and astronomy
            • General works
            • The origin of the heliocentric theory
            • About „De revolutionibus” and other works
            • Various astronomical issues
            • The reception of the Copernican theory
            • The Church and the Copernican system
            • Copernicus’ astronomical instruments and library
          • Copernicus and physics
          • Copernicus and mathematics
          • Copernicus and economics
          • Copernicus and philosophy
          • Copernicus as a doctor
          • Copernicus as a clergyman
          • Copernicus as a builder
          • Copernicus as a lawyer
          • Copernicus as a humanist
        • The significance of Copernicus
        • Copernicus in belles-lettres
          • Polish literature
            • Poetry
            • Stage works
          • German literature
        • Copernicus in art
          • Painting, portraits, graphics
          • Monuments
          • Medals and numismatics
          • Post stamps
        • Remembrance of Copernicus
          • Museums
          • Exhibitions
          • Symposia, conferences and sessions
          • Jubilees and other celebrations
          • Other forms of honoring the memory of Copernicus
        • Occasional writing
    • Gallery
      • Images of Copernicus
        • Painting and graphics
          • Toruń portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus I
          • Nicolaus Copernicus – general assembly of the local diet in Grudziądz on 21 March 1522
          • Bust of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus dying
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Image of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus Toruń 1473–1923
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus holding an armillary sphere
          • The death of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Image of Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus on his deathbed
          • Attributed portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Image of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Design for a wall decoration featuring a figure of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus
          • Miniature with a portrait of Copernicus
          • Portrait of Copernicus from the casing of the Strasbourg cathedral astronomical clock
          • Portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
        • Monuments and sculptures
          • Statue of Copernicus in the Babelsbeg observatory
          • Statue of Copernicus in the Babelsbeg observatory
          • Statue of Copernicus in Warsaw
          • A design for the Toruń Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • A design for the base of the Toruń Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus placed over a well
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń
          • Warsaw Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus carved by Berthel Thorvaldsen
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus carved by Ludwig Kucharzewski
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Warsaw
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Head of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Head of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Head of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • A design for the statue to be put up in Toruń on the occassion of the 500th anniversary of Nicolaus Copernicus’ birth
          • A design for Copernicus’ statue to be put up in Kraków
          • The first idea for the reverse of Copernicus’ statue for Kraków
          • Głowa Mikołaja Kopernika
          • Peace to the World
          • Orant II
          • Discoverer
          • Miniature bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Statuette inspired by the Toruń Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Copernicus
        • Medallic art
          • Władysław Oleszczyński, Medal struck on the occasion of the unveiling of the Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Warsaw
          • Gotfryd Majnert, Medal struck on the occasion of the unveiling of the Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus in Warsaw
          • Friedrich Wilhelm Below, Medal commemorating the 400th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Giovanni Vagnetti, Medal commemorating the foundation of the Copernicus Museum in Rome
          • Jan Nalborczyk, Nicolaus Copernicus – medallion, obverse
          • Louis-Michel Petit, Medal in honour of Copernicus
          • F. Godel, Medal in honour of Copernicus
          • Wojciech Jarzębowski, Medal commemorating the 400th anniversary of the first publication of „De revolutionibus”
          • Franciszek Kalfas, Medal commemorating the 75th anniversary of the foundation of the Polish Academy of Learning in Kraków
          • Konstanty Laszczka, Medallion with a half-length portrait of Copernicus
          • Józef Gosławski, Medallion with a full-length portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Stefan R. Koźbielewski, Plaque made on the occasion of the 18th International Congress on the History of Medicine in Warsaw
          • Adam Myjak, Janusz Pastwa, Copernicus’ head – medal design
          • Anna Jarnuszkiewicz, Nicolaus Copernicus medal issued by the Polish Academy of Sciences
          • Edward Gorol, General Assembly of the Royal Prussian Diet held in Grudziądz on 21 March 1522 – medal
          • Józef Markiewicz-Nieszcz, Plaque commemorating the 500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Józef Stasiński, Nicolaus Copernicus – 500th Anniversary of His Birth – Opus 577 – medal
          • Stanisław Szukalski, Medal commemorating the 500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Bolesław Chromy, 500th Anniversary of Nicolaus Copernicus’ Birth 1973
          • Stanisława Wątróbska-Frindt, 25th Anniversary of the Reconstruction of Copernicus’ Instrumentarium in Jędrzejów – medal
          • Nicolaus Copernicus – medal
          • Nicolaus Copernicus – medal
          • Plague with a portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Medal issued to commemorate the opening of the Nicolaus Copernicus Museum Department of the History of Medicine in Frombork
        • Numismatics
          • Small commemorative brick worth 1000 marks
          • 100-zloty bronze coin
          • 5000-zloty banknote – design
          • 10-zloty coin
          • 1000-zloty bank note sample
          • 100-zloty coin sample – obverse
          • 100-zloty coin sample – reverse
          • 1000-zloty bank note
          • Collector’s coin value 5000-zloty – reverse
          • Commemorative coin from the Cook Islands
          • 20-zloty collector’s coin
          • Collector’s banknote
          • Silver coin
        • Philately
          • Stamps from the series „Copernicus and Konarski”
          • Postcard on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of Copernicus’ death
          • Decorative sheet of 10 stamps
          • Stamp no 365 from the series „Views of Kraków”
          • Block of the Polish Post Office on the occasion of commemorating the activities of the Commission of National Education
          • Postage stamp no 560 issued on the occasion of the 1st Congress of Polish Science
          • Abandoned design of a stamp commemorating the International Year of Copernicus
          • Sample of postage stamp no 667 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus – International Year of Copernicus”
          • 80-grosz postage stamp no 668 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus – International Year of Copernicus”
          • Postage stamp from the series „Polish-Soviet Friendship”
          • Postage stamp no 765 from the series „Monuments of Warsaw”
          • Postage stamp no 993 from the series „Great Men of Science”
          • Postage stamp no 1778 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 1779 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 1780 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 1867 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus. His Life and Work”
          • Postage stamp no 1868 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus. His Life and Work”
          • Postage stamp no 1869 from the series „Nicolaus Copernicus. His Life and Work”
          • Postage stamp no 1940 from the series „Tourism – following the trail of Copernicus”
          • Postage stamp series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Stamp block bl45 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Nicolaus Copernicus postage stamp series with an image of Copernicus
          • Znaczek nr 2085 z serii „500. rocznica urodzin Mikołaja Kopernika”Postage stamp no 2085 from the series „500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2086 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2087 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2088 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2089 from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Stickers for „On Copernicus’ trail” – horseback delivery
          • Postage stamp sheet designed on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Copernicus’ birth
          • Postage stamp no 2109 from the series „Exploring Outer Space”
          • Postage stamp sheet ark2109 from the series „Exploring Outer Space– Salyut, Copernicus”
          • Stamp block bl46a from the series „500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth”
          • Postage stamp no 2126 from the series „Day of the Postage Stamp”
          • Postage stamp from the series „The Year of Nicolaus Copernicus”
          • Postage stamp „Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1973”
          • Commemorative postage stamp block „500 Aniv. Nacimiento de Nicolas Copernico”
          • Commemorative postage stamp block „Nicolau Copérnico”
          • Commemorative postage stamp block „Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1973”
          • 100-franc postage stamp „Nicolas Copernic”
          • Postage stamp from the „Great Astronomers” series with a portrait of Copernicus
          • Postage stamp block with a portrait of Copernicus
          • Postage stamp „Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1543”
          • Postage stamp series issued to commemorate the 500th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Birth
          • Postage stamp from the series „Nicolas Copernic 1473–1973”
          • Postage stamp no 3224 from the series „World Exhibition EXPO‘92 in Seville”
          • Postage stamp no 3303 from the series „450th Anniversary of Copernicus’ Death”
          • Postage stamp no 3339 from the series „Europa CEPT (V)”
          • Postage stamp no 3865 from the series „Polish Cities”
        • Applied arts
          • Mug, 19th century
          • Cigarette case, 20th century
          • Ink pad
          • Diary featuring a portrait of Copernicus
          • Bookmark
          • Bookmark
          • Box
          • Matchbox
          • Matchbox
          • Multifunctional ruler
          • Porcelain mug
          • Mug
          • Mug, 20th century
          • Plate
          • Cup coaster
        • Souvenirs
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Bust of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Miniature of the Karakow statue of Copernicus
          • Coffer featuring Copernicus’ head
          • Copernicus bas-relief
          • Plaque with Copernicus’ portrait
          • Commemorative badge
          • Commemorative badge
          • Figurine of Copernicus with an astrolabe
      • Cities of Copernicus
        • Toruń
          • Radio-telescope in the Institute of Astronomy of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Piwnice near Toruń
          • Statue of Nicolaus Copernicus
          • Epitaph in memory of Copernicus
          • Nicolaus Copernicus House in Toruń
        • Kraków
          • View of 15th-century Kraków
          • Collegium Maius
          • Collegium Maius quadrangle
          • Copernicus’ Room
        • Lidzbark Warmiński
          • Castle in Lidzbark Warmiński
          • View of 17th-century Lidzbark
        • Olsztyn
          • Castle in Olsztyn
          • Castle in Olsztyn – administrator’s chamber
          • Copernicus’ astronomical table
        • Frombork
          • Cathedral hill in Frombork
          • Frombork statue of Copernicus
          • Copernicus Tower in Frombork
      • Under the name of „Copernicus”
        • Nature
          • Copernicus crater on the Moon
          • Copernicia
        • Science
          • Copernicus satellite
          • Copernicus optical CAT scanner
          • Copernicus mini calculator
          • 112 Copernicium
        • Transport
          • Copernicus’ aircraft nameplate
          • Railway locomotive „Copernicus”
        • Entertainment
          • Copernicus competition
          • Puzzle
        • Miscellany
          • Copernicus cigars
          • Mead
          • Mead „Nicolaus Copernicus”
          • Vodka
  • Blog

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